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Understanding the relationship between Consumption Inequality, Inequality of Opportunity and Education Outcome...
There have been calls for a shift in policy focus towards economic inequality given that it can potentially generate social instability and be harmful to economic growth in the long run. The current s...
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The Essential Role of Education for Citizenship and International Solidarity - Executive Summary
Global Citizenship Education (GCE) is key to promote civic engagement for a fairer, sustainable and inclusive future. A joint report was released in February 2021 by the French multi-stakeholder advis...
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AFD and the Ocean
The ocean is essential to development, food security, employment and the economy in a number of countries. Yet it is being weakened by increased pressure from human activities. The degradation of envi...
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Acting together for the Sustainable Use of Water in Agriculture
Pressure on groundwater, particularly by agriculture, is increasing throughout the world. This leads to pumping races from which the poorest farmers are rapidly excluded. This paper presents the solut...
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The role of social housing in reducing inequality in South African cities
Social housing is a powerful tool to integrate divided cities by providing decent rental accommodation for low- and moderate-income working families. It can bring communities together in dense urban a...
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AFD and economic and financial governance
In order to finance their development policies and provide essential services to their population (e.g. healthcare, education, water and sanitation), governments have to manage their financial resourc...
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AFD and Environmental and climate justice
Faced with the environmental and climate emergency, AFD’s Justice Group offers to support its partner countries to strengthen their environmental law and ensuring access for all to justice in environm...
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AFD and capacity building
Nowadays, AFD is no longer simply a «development financier», but rather strives to strengthen its partners in a more structural way. With in-house expertise in capacity building, we support them in th...
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Questioning Fishing Access Agreements towards Social and Ecological Health in the Global South
While marine ecosystems play a major role in the regulation of climate and our Planet's ability to cope with climate change, they are also critical for providing food, livelihood, and income to billio...
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Evaluation Summary - Secondary Cities Project, Burkina Faso
In 2009, the rate of access to electricity in Burkina Faso stood at around 13%, well below the average of the ECOWAS countries (19%). The country’s energy mix was highly dependent on thermal energy. T...
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Evaluation Summary - Sustainable Energy Efficiency Development in Palestine – SPEED project
In Palestine, in the Energy sector, the Sustainable Energy Efficiency Development (SPEED) Program has been evaluated in September 2019. This SPEED program (2013-2018) aimed at supporting the main o...
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Five years after the Paris Agreement: What results for AFD?
In 2015, the Paris Agreement marked a historic turning point in the global fight against climate change. And for over three years, Agence Française de Développement has been scaling up its commitments...
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The impact of the military-political crisis of 2002 on inequalities in Côte d’Ivoire
The military-political crisis in Côte d'Ivoire, sparked by an armed rebellion on September 19, 2002, increased inequalities in the CNW zone (Center, North, and West). However, even if they remained hi...
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Where do social inequalities come from in Côte d’Ivoire?
The LAMPE study on the determinants of social inequalities in Côte d’Ivoire1 shows a persistence of inequalities between 2008 and 2015. In particular, inequalities in participation in the labor market...
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Improving housing and access to sanitation in informal neighborhoods in Ouagadougou to reduce inequalities
The precarious housing conditions in informal settlements increase inequalities. Restructuring these neighborhoods by providing them with basic social services would be one of the solutions to improve...
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Capital stranding cascades: The impact of decarbonisation on productive asset utilisation
The aim of this article is to assess the exposure of economic systems to the risk of physical capital stranding following a reduction of fossil fuel production and use. We calculate crosssectoral and...
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Economic and Financial Transition - 2021-2025 Strategy
The financial and economic transition designates a process through which an economy is transformed in order to build sustainable long-term economic, social and environmental balances. To respond more...
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AFD and the water and sanitation sector in Kenya
Kenya has embarked on an ambitious Water and Sanitation Sector Development Program. In order to contribute to its achievement, AFD is focusing on three main strategic lines: Improving access to...
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Inequalities and environmental changes in the Mekong region: A systematic mapping
How do accelerating environmental changes impact inequalities and how do rising inequalities affect in reverse environmental dynamics? This paper is built on a systematic mapping (2019-2021) studying...
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Displaced Sand, Displaced People: Examining the Livelihood Impacts of Sand Mining in Cambodia
This working paper focuses on the livelihood impacts of river sand mining in Cambodia. We draw on two examples: (a) that of sand miners, working directly in riverbed sand mining in and around Phnom Pe...
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